1. The fibers found in tendons and ligaments
a. are arranged in parallel rows
b. are mostly non-elastic
c. runs through the ground in many directions
d. are mostly elastic
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
a. c and d
b. a and b
c. a and d
d. b and c
Correct Answer: b, Fibres in tendons and ligaments are
dense connective tissue. In dense connective tissue, the nuclei and fibers are
arranged in parallel rows and fibers are mostly non-elastic.
2. Cartilages with maximum flexibility are found in the
a.
Pubic symphysis
b. Inter-vertebral disc
c. Epiglottis
d. Rings of the trachea
Correct answer: c, Elastic cartilages have maximum
flexibility as they are composed of elastic fibers. These fibers form bundles
that appear dark under a microscope and are found in the epiglottis
3. The epithelium
found on the surface of ovaries are akin to epithelium found at the
a.
Wall of capillaries
b.
Lining of uterus
c. The lining of blood vessels
d.
Lining of uterus
Correct Answer: d, The epithelium found on the surface of ovaries is akin to the
epithelium found at the lining of kidney tubules. Both the linings are made up
of simple cuboidal epithelium.
4. A mesothelium
is a type of epithelium that
a.
Secretes serous fluid
b.
Lines blood vessels
c.
Absorbs nutrients into the body
d.
Synthesizes special compounds
Correct answer: a, The mesothelium is a membrane composed of simple squamous
epithelium. It secretes a serous fluid which helps in protection and friction
reduction.
5. Directions: Read the following two statements
and choose the correct answer accordingly.
Assertion (A): Cartilage tissue repair may be slow or difficult.
Reason (R): Chondrocytes are bound in lacunae.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of A.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is NOT correct
explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true
Correct Answer: Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A. Because chondrocytes are bound in lacunae, they
cannot migrate to damaged areas. Therefore, cartilage damage is difficult to
heal.
6. In connective tissue whose matrix is made up of chondrin?
a.
Rich blood supply is present
b.
There is no deposition of inorganic salts
c.
Matrix occurs in concentric lamellae
d.
Cells always lie singly
Correct Answer: b, Connective tissue made up of a protein called chondrin is
cartilage. There is no deposition of inorganic salts on cartilages; thus, they
are flexible.
7. Salivary
glands of mammal are
a.
Mixed glands
b.
Unbranched alveolar
c.
Branched alveolar
d.
Branched acinous
Correct answer: c, The salivary glands of mammal are branched alveolar
glands. These are also called compound alveolar glands.
8. Which of the following characteristics about the
eosinophils are true?
a. Romanowsky method stains them red.
b. They produce enzyme elastase.
c. They produce histamine and serotonin.
d. They have multilobed nuclei.
i) a,b and d
ii) a and c
iii) a and d
iv) a and b
Correct answer: Romanowsky method stains the
eosinophils in brick red color. Eosin used in Romanowsky method is an acidic dye
and eosinophils are acid-loving. Eosinophils produce elastase that breaks down
proteins.
9. T-tubules in
muscles are
a.
Extensions of sarcolemma
b.
A discrete bundle of muscle cells
c.
Storage centers for calcium
d.
The center of the sarcomere
Correct answer: a, T-tubules in muscles are extensions of the sarcolemma. T-tubules
permit the rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell, and also play
an important role in regulating cellular calcium concentration.
10. The axons within the central nervous system are wrapped by
a. Schwann cells
b. Oligodendrocytes
c. Node of Ranvier
d. Receptors
Correct Answer: b, The cells that wrap around axons
within the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are called
Oligodendrocytes
11. Increase
in the number of lobes of the nucleus of leukocytes is hyper-segmentation. In
neutrophils, it is observed during the deficiency of
a. Vitamin B9
b. Vitamin B1
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin B6
Correct answer: c, The number of nuclear lobes of
neutrophils increases when vitamin B12 or folate deficiency occurs. Clinical
neutrophil hyper-segmentation has been widely used as an indicator of B12 or
folate deficiency.
12. Titin
is a protein in sarcomere that
a. Anchors everything to the sarcolemma
b. Wraps around all parts of the sarcomere to keep in line
c. Connects the Z-line to M-line
d. Is a contractile muscle protein
Correct answer: c, Titin connects the Z line to the M
line in the sarcomere. The protein contributes to force transmission at the Z
line and resting tension in the I-band region.
13. Fibroblasts
of areolar connective tissue are
a. Melanin containing cells
b. Polygonal cells with a small nucleus
c. Wandering cells with branching pseudopodia
d. Branching cells with long protoplasmic processes
Correct Answer: d, Fibroblasts are large, flat,
spindle-shaped, branching cells having long protoplasmic processes and an oval
nucleus in the center.
14. Which
of the following sentences about muscles that aid in movement and locomotion
is true?
a. Can stretch and resume original shape
b. Maintain a flow of fluid and food around hollow
structures
c. Contain high count of mitochondria and myoglobin
d. Fatigue slowly
Correct answer: a, The muscles which aid in movement
and locomotion can stretch and resume original shape. These muscles are
voluntarily activated and fatigue more quickly than cardiac or smooth muscles.
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15.
Epithelial cells, all on a basement membrane but differing in height where
taller cells bear cilia, are found in |
a. The lining of thyroid vesicles
b. The lining of alimentary canal
c.
Respiratory passages of air-breathing vertebrates
d. The lining of large ducts of the respiratory system
Correct Answer: d, Epithelial cells, all on a basement membrane but differing in
height where taller cells bear cilia, are found in the lining of large ducts of the respiratory system. These are called the pseudo-stratified epithelium.
16. Poikilocytosis
is a condition in which blood cells
a. Vary in size
b. Vary in shape
c. Vary in color
d. Possess inclusion bodies
Correct Answer: b, Variation in the shape of RBCs is
called poikilocytosis. RBCs may change depending upon different pathological
conditions.
17. Cartilages
function as shock absorbents in
a. Nasal septum
b. Pinna
c. Vertebrae
d. Head
Correct Answer: c, Cartilages function as shock absorbents in the vertebral column. The
inter-vertebral discs are made up of white fibrous cartilage, which provides
flexibility. They also function as shock absorbents in the vertebral column.
18. Which
of the following cells wrap around axons within the central nervous system?
a. Microglia
b. Astrocytes
c. Schwann cells
d. Oligodendrocytes
Correct Answer: d, Oligodendrocytes wrap axons with
myelin sheath within the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
19. Electric
potential inside the nerve cell is established by
a. Neuronal membrane
b. Cytosol
c. Nissil bodies
d. Nucleus
Correct answer: a, The neuronal membrane is responsible for establishing an electrical
potential inside the nerve cell and conducting an impulse.
20. Lacunae
are the open spaces within the lamellae which contain
a. Osteoblasts
b. Osteocytes
c. Osteoclasts
d. Osteons
Correct Answer: b, Lacunae are the open spaces within
the lamellae, which contain osteocytes. An osteocyte is a cell that lies within
the substance of a fully formed bone.
21. Which
of the following statements is correct about the strongest ligament of the
body?
a. It connects the lower lumbar vertebra to the ileum
b. It lies in the front of the sacrum
c. It helps to prevent extension of the femur
d. Its fibers blend with the fibers of the joint capsule
of the hip joint
Correct Answer: c, The iliofemoral ligament is the
strongest ligament in the body. It helps prevent the extension of the femur when
the body is standing erect.
22. Which
of the following are dome-shaped, non-ciliated cells that appear in the
smallest bronchioles?
a. BALT cells
b. Goblet cells
c. Basal cells
d. Clara cells
Correct Answer: d, Clara cells appear in the smallest
bronchioles. They are the dome-shaped, non-ciliated cells that secrete a
lipoprotein material that reduces the surface tension in the airways to keep
them open during the changes in the pressure of the respiratory cycle.
23. Cholesterol
in plasma comes from
a. intestinal absorption of fats
b. synthesis in liver
c. synthesis in the walls of blood vessels
a. b and c
b. a and b
c. a and c
d. a, b and c
Correct Answer: b, Cholesterol in the plasma comes from
intestinal absorption of fats and synthesis in the liver.
24. Yellow
bone marrow gets its color due to
a. Fat droplets
b. Hemoglobin
c. Vitamin C
d. Polysaccharides
Correct Answer: a, Yellow bone marrow gets its color
due to fat droplets present in it. Yellow bone marrow is responsible for the synthesis of WBCs.
25. Which
of the following is a tough membrane that covers the bone, but not the
cartilage?
a. Sharpey’s fibers
b. Osteogenic layer
c. Endosetum
d. Periosteum
Correct Answer: d, Periosteum is a tough membrane that covers the bone, but not
the cartilage.
26. Pseudostratified
epithelia are not found in which of the following
organs?
a. Trachea
b. Epididymis
c. Vas deferens
d. Fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: d, Simple columnar (ciliated) epithelial tissue lines the fallopian
tubes.
27. Which
of the following molecules binds to calcium to expose the myosin-binding site?
a. Troponin
b. Actin
c. Titin
d. Myofibril
Correct Answer: a, When calcium binds to troponin,
troponin releases tropomyosin, exposing the myosin-binding sites.
28. In
isometric contraction
a. tension remains constant
b. tension increases
c. muscle shortens
d. muscle does not shorten
a. a and c
b. b and d
c. b and c
d. a and d
Correct Answer: b, A contraction in which the muscle
does not shorten, but its tension increases are called an isometric contraction.
29. Which
of the following statements is incorrect?
a. Smooth muscles have the least ability to regenerate
b. Cardiac muscles have limited regenerative capacity
c. Muscles generate heat
d. Perimysium binds fascicle
Correct answer: a, Smooth muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate.
30. On
the basis of mode of secretion, mammary glands are
a. Merocrine
b. Apocrine
c. Holocrine
d. Mesocrine
Correct Answer: b, Mammary glands are apocrine glands.
In mammary glands, the secretory products are stored in the apical part of the
gland cells. Later, on this part it breaks, releasing the secretion.
31. Dense
regular connective tissues are characterized by
a. Bundled in a parallel fashion
b. Dark staining
c. Presence in the dermis
d. Can be stretched in any direction
a. a and b
b. c and d
c. a,b, and c
d. a,b and d
Correct answer: Dense regular connective tissues
consist of dark staining collagen fibers that are bundled in a parallel fashion.
32. Endosteum
is a delicate layer of connective tissue found in
a. Intestinal matrix of bone
b. Bone marrow cavity
c. Periosteum
d. Haversian canal
Correct Answer: b, Bone marrow cavity is lined by a
delicate layer of connective tissue called the endosteum
33. Which
of the following cell secretes heparin and histamines?
a. Eosinophils
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophils
d. Lymphocytes
Correct
answer: c, Basophils
contain anticoagulant heparin, which prevents blood from clotting too quickly.
It also contains histamine that is a vasodilator and promotes blood flow to
tissues.
34. Which
of the following sentences is true about simple squamous epithelium tissues?
a. They collect sensations from
sensory organs
b. They help in moving the egg towards
the uterus
c. They maintain the flow of mucus
d. They help in ultrafiltration
Correct
Answer: d, Simple
squamous epithelium tissues helps in ultrafiltration in uriniferous tubules.
35. Which organ contains the lining of glandular epithelium?
a. Intestines
b. Ovaries
c. Retina
d. Nasal passage
Correct
answer: a, Glandular
epithelium is found in the intestine and other parts of the alimentary canal.
It lines the glands.
36. Which of the following are the motoneurons that are located
in the spinal cord?
a. Lugaro cells
b. Anterior horn cells
c. Basket cells
d. Purkinje cells
Correct answer:
b, Anterior horn cells are the motoneurons located in
the spinal cord. The anterior horn contains motor neurons that affect the
skeletal muscles.
37. Which
of the following entities is only found in mammals?
a. Myoglobin
b. Hemoglobin
c. Platelets
d. Haversian system
Correct
answer: c, Platelets
are only found in mammals. In other animals (e.g. birds, amphibians)
thrombocytes circulate as intact mononuclear cells.
38. What
does the layer of areolar connective tissue that ensheaths each individual
myocyte referred to as?
a. Endomysium
b. Perimysium
c. Epimysium
d. Periosteum
Correct
answer: a, The
endomysium is a wispy layer of areolar connective tissue that ensheaths each
individual myocyte. It is present over the sarcolemma.
39. Tissues of the central nervous system are divided into two
groups viz. white matter and grey matter. The grey matter of CNS consists of all
cells except?
a. Protoplasmic astrocytes
b. Myelinating oligodendrocytes
c. Satellite Oligodendrocytes
d. Unmyelinated axons
Correct
Answer: b, Myelinating
oligodendrocytes are present in the white matter of CNS. Myelinating
oligodendrocytes provide a supporting role for neurons as well as trophic
supported by the production of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
(GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or insulin-like growth
factor-1 (IGF-1).
40. Which of the following proteins is not present in smooth or
unstriated muscle cells?
a. Caldesmon
b. Calmodulin
c. Troponin
d. Calponin
Correct
answer: Troponin
is present in the cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle where it plays an
important role in muscle contraction.
41. Which pair of organs are lined by stratified cuboidal
epithelium?
a. Parotid gland and larynx
b. Conjunctiva of eyes and urethra
c. Pharynx and buccal cavity
d. Pharynx and conjunctiva of eyes
Correct Answer: b, Stratified cuboidal epithelium is found in the conjunctiva of eyes
and urethra.
42. Concentration
of which of the following substances is higher in the lymph as compared to
blood?
a. Protein
b. Hemoglobin
c. White blood cells
d. Oxygen
Correct answer: c, White blood cell concentration is
higher in lymph as compared to blood.
43. Cancellous
bone is characterized by:
a. High surface area to mass ratio
b. High vascularity
c. High flexibility
d. High strength
a. b,c, and d
b. a,b, and d
c. a,b, and c
d. a,b,c and d
Correct answer: c, Cancellous bones are characterized
by high surface area to mass ratio, The greater surface area also makes it
suitable for metabolic activities such as the exchange of calcium ions.
Cancellous bone is highly vascular and frequently contains red bone marrow for
RBC synthesis. Cancellous bones are very flexible because it is less dense.
44. Nissl's
granules present in nerve cells are
a. Mitotic apparatus
b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
c.
Enzyme pockets
d. Byproducts of lysosomal activity
Correct Answer: b, Nissl's granules present in the
nerve cell are highly ordered rough endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins made here
are passed to the neuronal processes
45. Which
are the agranulocytes produced in humans?
a. Lymph nodes
b. Liver
c. Spleen
d. Bone marrow
a. b and d
b. a and b
c. a and d
d. a and c
Correct Answer: d, in humans, the agranulocytes are
formed in lymph nodes and spleen.
46. In
which of the following is the lining of simple columnar epithelium found?
a. Lining of blood vessels
b. Lining of uterus
c. Respiratory passage of vertebrates
d. Convoluted tubules of the kidney
Correct Answer: b, Simple columnar epithelium is found
in the lining of the uterus.
47. Which
junction connects epithelial cells to the underlying connective tissue?
a. Desmosome
b. Hemidesmosome
c. Adherent junction
d. Tight junction
Correct Answer: b, Hemidesmosomes connect epithelial cells to underlying connective
tissue.
48. Calcified cartilages are
present everywhere except
a.
Pubis of frogs
b.
Suprascapular
c.
Head of humerus and femur
d.
Pubic symphysis
Correct Answer: d, White fibrous cartilage is found in the region of pubic
symphysis.
49.
Pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia
cells are found in the
a. Lining of the buccal cavity
b. Trachea
c. Male reproductive system
d. Conjunctiva of eyes
Correct answer: c, Pseudostratified columnar with
stereocilia is found in the male reproductive system.
50. What
are the mesothelial cells surrounding the male internal organs called?
a. Tunica serosa
b. Tunica vaginalis
c. Tunica muscularis
d. Tunica dartos
Correct Answer: b, Tunica vaginalis is the serous
covering of the testes within the scrotum, i.e. it is the mesothelial lining
surrounding the male internal organs.
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