1. Which of the following organisms has a circulatory system without a heart?
a. Earthworm b.
Cockroach
c. Tapeworm d.
Starfish
Correct Answer: d, Starfish has a circulatory
system (though poorly developed) without heart. The haemal system in starfish
performs the job of a circulatory system and the heart is not required.
2. In which organism does pulmocutaneous circulation exist?
a. Frog b.
Lizard
c. Fish d.
Hookworm
Correct answer: a, Pulmocutaneous circulation is a unique characteristic of amphibians,
like frogs. Frogs are unique in that they have
a third circuit that brings deoxygenated blood to the skin for gas
exchange to occur; this is called pulmocutaneous circulation.
3. Which blood vessel is involved in forward
movement of blood in an earthworm?
a.
Longitudinal vessel b.
dorsal vessel
c.
Sub-neural vessel
d. Lateral vessel
Correct Answer: b, The dorsal vessel is involved in forward
movement of blood in an earthworm.
4. In which organism is the pulmonary circuit of blood
circulation absent?
a.
Frog b.
Pigeon
c.
Fish d.
Lizard
Correct answer: c, Fishes has a single systemic circuit for blood. The pulmonary circuit is
absent in fishes. The heart pumps the blood to the gills to get it
reoxygenated.
5. In which organism is foramen of Panizza (a hole in the
heart between the two ventricles) present?
a.
Turtle b.
Frog
c.
Crocodile d.
Lizard
Correct answer: c, Foramen of Panizza is present in crocodiles.
It is the hole in the heart between the two ventricles, which allows blood to
move from one side of the heart to another
6. Which animal's heart continues to beat for hours even if
the head is severed off?
a.
Turtle b.
Cockroach
c.
Snake d.
Pigeon
Correct answer: a, A turtle's heart continues to beat for hours
even if the head is severed off. This happens because the nerve cells within
the heart continue firing for an extended period of time, promoting the process
of beating.
7. Match the following columns:
|
Organism |
Number of hearts |
|
1. Earthworm |
a. 1 |
|
2. Octopus |
b. 5 |
|
3. Gorilla |
c. 3 |
|
4. Hagfish |
d. 4 |
a.
1.d, 2.a, 3.c, 4.b b.
1.b, 2.c, 3.a, 4.d
c.
1.d, 2.c, 3.b, 4.a d.
1.c, 2.a, 3.d, 4.b
Correct Answer: b, This is the correct match. The earthworm has 5 hearts known as aortic
arches. Octopus has 3 hearts; gorilla has 1 heart, and hagfish has 4 hearts.
8. Which blood pigment is found in earthworm's blood?
a.
Erythropoietin b.
Erythrocyanin
c.
Erythrocruorin d.
Hemocyanin
Correct answer: c, Erythrocruorin is the blood pigment of an
earthworm.
|
Organisms |
Respiratory pigments |
|
1. Annelids |
a. Hemoglobin |
|
2. Sea squirts |
b. Hemocyanin |
|
3. Molluscs |
c.Vanabin |
|
4. Humans |
d. Chlorocruorin |
a.
1.b, 2.d, 3.c, 4.a b.
1.d, 2.c, 3.b, 4.a
c.
1.b, 2.a, 3.c, 4.d d.
1.c, 2.b, 3.d, 4.a
Correct Answer: b, Chlorocruorin is an
oxygen-binding pigment that is found in many annelids. It appears green when
deoxygenated, and red when oxygenated. Vanabin is found in the blood of
sea squirts. Hemocyanin is found in the blood of mollusks and hemoglobin is the
respiratory pigment found in the blood of humans.
10. Which of the following mollusks possess closed circulatory
system?
a.
Snails b.
Squids
c.
Geoducks d.
Cuttlefish
Correct Answer: b, Squids has closed circulatory system.
11. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. An organ's metabolic requirements are proportional to the
number of blood vessels in it.
b. Double
circulation takes place through a two-chambered heart
c. Haemoglobin in
a metamorphosed amphibian has a lower affinity for oxygen
d. Because of the lack of an extensive system of blood vessels, open systems require less energy
to build and maintain.
Correct Answer: b, Fishes have a two-chambered heart and only single circulation is
seen in them. Double circulation means that blood passes through the heart
twice during each cycle of the circulatory process. In animals that have
double circulation (blood circulation) systems, the heart has more than two
chambers.
12. In which of the following organisms does the open
circulatory system function as a hydrostatic skeleton?
a.
Sponges b.
Mollusks
c.
Echinodermates d.
Earthworms
Correct Answer: b, In mollusks and freshly molted aquatic arthropods, the open circulatory system functions as a hydrostatic skeleton.
13. In which of the following organisms are the largest known
erythrocytes found?
a.
Cockroaches b.
Amphibians
c.
Aves d.
Arthropods
Correct Answer: b, Amphibians (Amphiuma) have the largest known
erythrocytes. The greatest length is 40-60 um in obligate neotenic salamanders.
14. What does a systolic blood pressure reading of 140-159 mm
Hg indicate?
a.
Prehypertension b.
HBP stage I
c.
HBP stage 2 d.
Hypertensive crisis
Correct Answer: b, A systolic blood pressure reading of 140-159
mm, Hg indicates HBP stage 1. In this situation, the diastolic blood pressure
may be 90-99 mm Hg.
15. Match the following columns:
|
A |
B |
|
1. Crocodile icefish |
a. Alary muscles |
|
2. Salamander |
b. No erythrocyte |
|
3. Cockroach |
c. Anucleated erythrocyte |
|
4. Earthworm |
d. Aortic arches |
a.
1.c, 2.d, 3.b, 4.a b.
1.b, 2.c, 3.a, 4.d
c.
1.d, 2.a, 3.c, 4.b d.
1.a, 2.b, 3.d, 4.a
Correct Answer: b, This is the correct match. Crocodile icefish
do not have erythrocytes; salamanders are an exception to amphibians as they
possess anucleated erythrocytes; cockroaches have alary muscles for breathing
and an earthworm has aortic arches which act as a heart.
16. Which of the following represents a heart block?
a.
It is a pain in the chest b.
It is a defect in the electric system
c.
It is heart valves malfunctioning d.
It is an infection in the heart covering
Correct Answer: b, If the bundle of his is not properly working
due to either mechanical injury or by degeneration due to some disease, then
the heartbeat, which originates at S.V. node, will reach the A.V. node but will not
reach the ventricle. This condition is called heart block.
17. In which of the following diseases does the heartbeat at
an extremely fast rate?
a.
Arteriosclerosis b.
Tachycardia
c.
Embolism d.
Bradycardia
Correct Answer: b, Tachycardia is a very serious matter, in
which the heart beats at an extremely high rate.
18. Which bacteria cause rheumatic heart disease?
a.
Staphylococcus aureus b.
Streptococcus viridians
c.
Streptococcus pneumonia d.
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Correct answer: Streptococcus viridians cause an infection called Rheumatic heart
disease. The symptoms include acute rheumatic fever, joints pain, and infection
of the throat.
19. What is meant by angina pectoris?
a.
Heart infection b.
Heart block
c.
Pain in the chest d.
Heart attack
Correct answer: c, The term angina pectoris means chest pain.
In this condition, a heart pain of short duration takes place which is usually
located in the front of the chest.
20. Which disease characterizes improper functioning of the heart
valves?
a.
Angina pectoris b.
Rheumatic heart disease
c.
Valvular disease d.
Heart block
Correct answer: c, Valvular disease is the improper functioning of the heart
valves due to which blood flows in the opposite direction.
21. What is pericarditis?
a.
A genetic disease
b. Swelling of the heart because of the
collection of more pericardial fluid
c. Deposition of cholesterol and calcium
in the blood vessels.
d. Pain in the chest
Correct Answer: b, Infection by certain bacteria harms the
heart covering pericardium due to which more pericardial fluid is collected and
leads to the swelling of the heart. This condition is called pericarditis.
22. Which disease is caused by the deposition of cholesterol
and calcium in blood vessels?
a.
Heart block b.
Arteriosclerosis
c.
Embolism c.
Thrombangitis obliterans
Correct Answer: b, Arteriosclerosis is a disease which is caused by the
deposition of cholesterol and calcium in blood vessels.
23. Which is a disease in which blood vessels of the hands and
feet get blocked?
a.
Arteriosclerosis b.
Thrombangitis obliterans
c.
Edema d.
Embolism
Correct Answer: b, Thrombangitis obliterans is the condition in
which blood vessels of the hands and feet get blocked, often due to excessive
smoking
24. What is edema?
a.
The filtering of vein fluid and plasma through the capillaries due to
pressure difference
b. A disease in
which blood vessels of the hands and feet get blocked
c. Puffiness or
local swelling
d. Blood flow in
opposite direction
Correct answer: c, Edema (puffiness) is a condition in which lymph capillaries fail to
return lymph to the blood and fluid accumulates in the tissues of the heart
resulting in local swelling.
25. What is the sudden occurrence of coronary thrombosis, typically
resulting in the death of part of a heart muscle termed as?
a.
Heart block b.
Heart attack
c.
Arteriosclerosis d.
Angina pectoris
Correct Answer: b, a Heart attack is a sudden occurrence of
coronary thrombosis, typically resulting in the death of part of a heart muscle
and sometimes fatal. It can have other causes too.
26. What is the clumping together in the suspension of
antigen-bearing cells, microorganisms, or particles in the presence of specific
antibodies called?
a.
Precipitation b.
Agglutination
c.
Collision d.
Attraction
Correct Answer: b, The clumping together in the suspension of
antigen-bearing cells, microorganisms, or particles in the presence of specific
antibodies is called agglutination. This phenomenon is used for identification
of blood groups
27. What is the name given to a slow heart rate?
a.
Tachycardia b.
Bradycardia
c.
Heart block d.
Asthma
Correct Answer: b, bradycardia is the slowness of the heartbeat, as evidenced
by slowing of the pulse rate to less than 60/ min, thus slow heart rate is
called bradycardia.
28. The walls of the heart ventricles are stiff, but may not be
thickened, and resists the normal filling of the heart with blood. These are
the symptoms of which of the following disease?
a.
Heart block b.
Embolism
c.
Restrictive heart disease d.
Arteriosclerosis
Correct answer: c, The walls of the heart ventricles are stiff,
but may not be thickened, and resists the normal filling of the heart with
blood. These are the symptoms of restrictive heart disease.
a.
Angina pectoris b.
Pericarditis
c.
Coronary thrombosis d.
Heart block
Correct answer: c, Anticoagulants help in the dissolution of
clots and are prescribed for coronary thrombosis.
30. What does a pacemaker control?
a.
Contraction of pelvis b.
Heartbeat
c.
Blood flow in arteries d. Blood
flow in heart
Correct Answer: b, Heartbeats are controlled by a pacemaker.
31. Which of the following connect(s) the heart to the center
that accelerates the heartbeat?
a.
Sympathetic nerve fibers b.
Parasympathetic nerve fibers
c.
Vagus nerve d.
Abducens nerve
Correct answer: a, The cardio-accelerator which accelerates the
heartbeat is connected to the heart through sympathetic nerve fibers.
32. Which hormone decreases the heart rate?
a.
Epinephrine b.
Norepinephrine
c.
Acetylcholine d.
Thyroxin
Correct answer: c, Acetylcholine is a neurohormone which is
secreted by neurons of parasympathetic nerves and lowers the heart rate.
33. When the auricles relax, the tricuspid and bicuspid valves
shut. What sound does this produce?
a.
Murmur b.
Diastole
c.
Lubb d.
Dup
Correct answer: c, When the auricles relax, the tricuspid and
bicuspid valves shut, which creates the first heart sound called lubb.
34. Murmur sound is produced in the heart due to
a.
Blockage of arteries b.
improper functioning of the bundle of his
c.
Leakage of blood through valves d.
Change in the elasticity of blood vessels
Correct answer: c, Leakage of blood through the valves produces
murmur sound
35. The sounds in the heart are created by
a.
contraction and relaxation of auricles
and ventricles
b. valves which
regulate the flow of blood in the heart
c. Pericardium d.
S A node
Correct Answer: b, various
valves present at the inlet and outlet of ventricles regulate the flow of blood
in the heart. The action of these valves creates the heart sounds.
36. The instrument used to measure blood pressure is called
a. Electrocardiogram b.
Sphygmomanometer
c. Stethoscope d.
Barometer
Correct Answer: b, Sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood
pressure. It measures both systolic and diastolic pressures.
37. What is the normal systolic blood pressure of an adult man?
a. 140 mm of Hg b.
120 mm of Hg
c. 90 mm of Hg d.
180 mm of Hg
Correct Answer: b, 120 mm of Hg is the normal systolic blood pressure of an
adult man. The maximum normal B.P. should not exceed 150 mm Hg in adult males.
38. What do we call the graphic record of the electrical
variations produced by the beating of the heart?
a.
Electrocardiogram b.
Electrocardiograph
c.
Pulse pressure b.
Blood pressure
Correct Answer: b, Electrocardiograph is the graphic record of the electrical
variations produced by the beating of the heart. It is formed by a series of ridges
and furrows.
39. What is/are the cause(s) of low blood
pressure?
a.
Vasodilatation of arterioles b. Anemia
or blood loss due to bleeding
c.
Failure of pumping action of heart d.
All the above
Correct Answer: d, All the given options cause low blood
pressure.
40. What is pulse pressure?
a. Increase in arterial pressure
b. The difference in systolic & diastolic pressure
c. The decrease in arterial pressure
d. Fall in the pressure of alveoli below
atmospheric pressure
Correct Answer: b, The difference in systolic and diastolic
pressure is called pulse pressure.
41. Which artery carries deoxygenated blood?
a.
Coronary artery b.
Inter-costal artery
c.
Branchial artery d.
Pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: d, The basic function of the pulmonary artery is to
carry deoxygenated blood from the heart's right ventricle into the lungs.
42. Which coat of artery prevents it from collapsing?
a.
Tunica interna b.
Tunica media
c.
Tunica Externa d.
Parietal layer
Correct Answer: b, Tunica media prevents the artery from collapsing. It is
the middle thick coat of circularly disposed, smooth or unstriped muscle fibers
and elastic connective fibers. The thick coat prevents arteries from
collapsing.
43. What kind of cells constitutes the tunica interna of arteries?
a.
Smooth muscle fibers b.
Un-striped muscle fibers
c.
Endothelial cells d.
Collagen fibers
Correct answer: c, Wall of tunica interna is made of
endothelial cells
44. Which coat of artery carries small vessels and nerves to
nourish the arterial wall?
a.
Tunica media b.
Tunica Externa
c.
Parietal layer d.
Intima
Correct Answer: b, Tunica externa layer carries small vessels and nerves to
nourish the arterial wall.
45. Which of the following is the smallest tube of arterial
system?
a.
Artery b.
Arteriole
c.
Capillary d.
Venule
Correct Answer: b, Arterioles are the smallest tubes of the
arterial system
46. The circulation of body fluids is intracellular in
which of the following organisms?
a.
Earthworm b.
Paramecium
c.
Starfish d.
Human beings
Correct Answer: b, Paramecium is a unicellular organism and
shows a streaming movement called cyclosis. It helps in intracellular circulation
and distribution of materials in the cells.
47. Which of the following circulatory mechanisms is/are found
in hydra?
a.
Parenchymal circulation b.
Water circulation
c.
Intracellular circulation d.
All of the above
Correct Answer: b, In hydra, internal circulatory fluid is absent. Thus, it uses
external medium (water) as circulatory fluid.
48. In which of the following types of circulation does the pseudocoelomic
fluid transport the food?
a.
Water-vascular system b.
Body cavity circulation
c.
Blood-vascular system d.
Parenchymal circulation
Correct Answer: b, Food transport takes place with the help of
pseudocoelomic fluid.
49. Which of the following organisms possess parenchymal
circulatory system?
a.
Roundworms b.
Flatworms
c.
Sponges d.
Spiders
Correct Answer: b, Flatworms transport digested food through
parenchyma. They exhibit parenchymal circulation.
50. All of the following are functions of the circulatory system,
except
a.
transport of nutrients, waste
products, hormones, and metabolic intermediates
b. Transport of
respiratory gases
c. Gaseous
exchange
d. Protection
from diseases
Correct answer: c, Gaseous exchange is a function of the respiratory system. It happens through
the phenomenon of breathing.
51. In which of the following organisms does water act as a
circulatory fluid?
a.
Cockroach b.
Sycon
c.
Flatworm d.
Fish
Correct Answer: b, Sycon, a porifer, has water as a circulatory
fluid.
52. What is osculum?
a.
Anus of Hydra b.
Aperture for water exit in Sycon
c.
Pores in the derma of sycon for water entry d.
Mouth of hydra
Correct Answer: b, Osculum is the large aperture in a (sycon)
sponge through which water is expelled.
53. In hydra, water is expelled through
a.
Tentacles b.
Testes
c.
Mouth d.
Anus
Correct answer: c, In hydra, water enters and is expelled
through the mouth as there is no anus.
54. Which of the following functions is not performed by the the circulatory system of the hydra?
a.
Excretion b.
Nutrition
c.
Respiration d.
Reproduction
Correct Answer: d, Hydra has distinct testes and ovary for
reproduction.
55. Which of the following organisms has a canal system of water circulation?
a.
Amoeba b.
Scypha
c.
Hydra d.
Cockroach
Correct Answer: b, In sponges like Scypha, there is an elaborate system of canals through which water flows in a definite course and
perform the functions of the circulatory system.
56. Organs are bathed in blood for transportation to take place
in which of the following kinds of the circulatory system?
a.
Closed blood vascular circulatory
system b. Open blood vascular
circulatory system
c. Water vascular
circulatory system d.
Intracellular circulation
Correct Answer: b, In open blood vascular system, the blood vessels do not divide into
capillaries and open in a wide space called sinuses in the body cavity. The
blood fills the cavity and bathes the organs.
57. How many chambers are there in a cockroach's heart?
a.
2 b.
3
c.
4 d.
13
Correct Answer: d, The heart of a cockroach is elongated,
thick, muscular, tubular, and 13-chambered.
58. Where is the Rh factor present?
a.
WBC b.
RBC
c.
Lymph d.
Plasma
Correct Answer: b, Rh factor is present in the membrane of RBCs
59. The function of acetylcholine is to
a.
Regulate the beating of the myogenic heart
b.
Regulate the beating of the neurogenic heart
c.
Both a and b
d.
Bind to respiratory gases
Correct answer: c, Acetylcholine inhibits myogenic heart and
increases the heartbeat of the neurogenic heart.
60. Which of the following organisms have a branchial heart?
a.
Frogs b.
Cockroaches
c.
Fishes d.
Humans
Correct answer: c, The fish heart is known as the branchial or
venous heart because it only receives the venous blood and pumps it directly to
the gills for oxygenation
61. What is the contraction phase of the heart called?
a.
Diastole b.
Pulse rate
c.
Systole d.
Cardiac cycle
Correct Answer: c, The contraction phase of the heart is called
systole
62. What is the relaxation phase of the heart called?
a.
Systole b. Diastole
c.
Flaccidity d.
Blockage
Correct Answer: b, Diastole is the relaxation phase of the
heart.
63. What happens in ventricular diastole?
a.
Simultaneous contraction of both ventricles
b.
Opening of semilunar valves so that the blood can go to the aorta
c.
Both ventricles and auricles relax
d.
Contraction of one ventricle
Correct answer: c, In ventricular diastole
(general phase) both ventricles and auricles relax.
64. What is stroke volume?
a. The volume of blood entering into the auricles at each heartbeat
b. The volume of
blood ventricles pump at each heartbeat
c. The volume of
blood pumped daily by heart
d. The
volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Correct Answer: b, At each heartbeat ventricles, pump about 70
ml of blood. This volume is called stroke volume.
65. What is the function of the SA node?
a.
It is the site from where impulses
for contraction originate.
b. It prevents
the valves from being pushed into the auricles at the time of ventricular
contraction.
c. It separates
the two ventricles
d. It protects
the heart against injury and friction.
Correct answer: a, Mammalian heart is a myogenic heart, i.e heartbeat originates from
muscle. The specialized area where impulses for contraction originate is called
SA node.
66. Human
heart is myogenic. What is the meaning of this statement?
a.
Heartbeat originates from nerves b.
Heartbeat originate from a muscle
c. The heart is under hormonal control d. The heart is under chemical control
Correct Answer: b, Heartbeat originates from a muscular patch
in the right auricle known as SA node. Thus, the heartbeat originates from a muscle.
67. Where is the sinoauricular node situated?
a. The base of right auricle b.
Wall of the right auricle
c.
Between left auricle and left ventricle
d.
Between the right auricle and right ventricle
Correct Answer: b, The specialized tissue called SA is present
close to the entrance of superior vena cava in the right auricle.
68. How do the waves travel from SA node to ventricles?
a.
SA node - Purkinje fibers - Bundle
of His - AV node – Ventricles
b. SA node -
Bundle of His - Purkinje fibers - AV node – Ventricles
c. SA node - A.V.
node - Bundle of His - Purkinje fibers – Ventricles
d. SA node - AV
node - Purkinje fibers – Ventricles
Correct answer: c, AV node picks up the wave of contraction
propagated by SA node. The waves then pass through the Bundle of His, which
passes down the intraventricular septum and divides into two branches, one of
which is distributed to each ventricle through a fine network of Purkinje
fibers. In this way, a wave of contraction travels up to the ventricles.
69. Which of the following is/are the only direct muscular
communication link between auricle and ventricle?
a.
AV node b.
Bundle of His
c.
Purkinje fibers d.
SA node
Correct Answer: b, Bundle of His is the only direct muscular
communication link between the auricle and ventricle.
70. What is meant by cardiac output in humans?
a.
Heartbeats/ min b. The volume of blood pumped/min
c.
Blood storage Capacity of the heart d.
Pause in cardiac activity
Correct Answer: b, Our heart pumps approx. 5040 ml of blood per
minute. This is known as cardiac output.
71. What is the function of the bundle of His?
a. It relays cardiac impulses to the ventricular cells.
b. It
transmits impulses from the atrioventricular node
c. It plays a role
in the regulation of heartbeat/rhythm.
d. It
initiates the nerve impulse.
Correct Answer: b, The bundle of His is an important part of the electrical conduction
system of the heart as it transmits impulses from the atrioventricular node.
72. Purkinje fibers are present in the
a.
Auricles b.
AV node
c.
Interior surface of the ventricles d.
Pericardium
Correct answer: c, Purkinje fibers run on the interior surface
of the ventricles to join the working cardiomyocytes.
73. Where does the cardiac center lie in the brain?
a.
Cerebrum b.
Cerebellum
c.
Medulla d.
Forebrain
Correct answer: c, The cardiac center lies in the medulla of
the brain and is formed of cardioinhibitor and cardioacclerator.
74. Which of the following chemicals lower(s) the heart rate?
a.
Acetylcholine b.
Pilocarpine
c.
Both a and b d.
Atropine
Correct answer: c, Both acetylcholine, and pilocarpine lower the
heart rate.
75. What is the difference between pulse rate and heart rate?
a.
They are numerically different b.
They are one and the same
c. Pulse is the expansion and contraction of the artery, whereas heart
rate is contraction and relaxation of heart muscles
d. Pulse rate
doesn't change with strenuous exercise, whereas heart rate increases with
vigorous exercise.
Correct answer:c, The difference
is that pulse is the expansion and contraction of the artery, whereas heart rate is
contraction and relaxation of heart muscles.
76. How many chambers are there in a fish's heart?
a.
5 b.
3
c.
2 d.
4
Correct answer: c, Fish's heart
has two chambers. It has one atrium and one ventricle.
77. What
is the protective sac around the heart called?
a.
Pericardium b.
Epicardium
c.
Endocardium d.
Myocardium
Correct answer: a, The protective covering around the heart is
called pericardium.
78. Which of the following diseases might be relieved by
pericardiectomy?
a.
Pericarditis b.
Cardiac tamponade
c.
Ischemia d.
myocardial infarction
Correct Answer: b, Cardiac tamponade is relieved by
pericardiectomy. It is caused due to excess fluid in the pericardial cavity.
79. Which of the following layers is fused with epicardium?
a.
Parietal pericardium b.
Visceral pericardium
c.
Fibrous pericardium d.
Myocardium
Correct Answer: b, Visceral pericardium is fused with the epicardium. The epicardium layer is immediately outside of the heart muscle
proper.
80. Between which layers is serous fluid present?
a.
Parietal and fibrous layers b.
Fibrous and Visceral layers
c.
Parietal and visceral layers d.
Visceral layer and epicardium
Correct answer: c, The space between the parietal and visceral
pericardium is filled with serous fluid, which protects the heart from any kind
of external jerk or shock.
81. Which membrane serves as a blood-heart barrier?
a.
Epicardium b.
Myocardium
c.
Endocardium d.
Pericardium
Correct answer: c, Endocardium serves as a kind of blood-heart
barrier and thus, controlling the ionic composition of the extracellular fluid
in which the cardiomyocytes bathe.
82. In which way are the impulses carried during depolarisation
of the heart?
a.
Epicardium to Endocardium b.
Endocardium to Epicardium
c.
Endocardium to Myocardium d.
Myocardium to Endocardium
Correct Answer: b, During depolarization, the impulses are
carried from the endocardium to the epicardium.
83. Which type of cells constitutes the endocardial membrane?
a.
Stratified squamous epithelium b.
Simple squamous epithelium
c.
Simple columnar epithelium d.
Stratified columnar epithelium
Correct Answer: b, Endocardial membrane of the heart is made up
of simple squamous epithelium. It performs the function of protection carried
out by the endothelial wall.
84. Which structure(s) is/are responsible for cardiac
syncytium?
a.
T-tubules b.
Intercalated discs
b.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum d.
Desmosomes
Correct Answer: b, Intercalated discs are responsible for
syncytium formation. The cardiac syncytium is a network of cardiomyocytes connected
to each other by intercalated discs that enable the rapid transmission of
electrical impulses through the network, enabling the syncytium to act in a
coordinated contraction of the myocardium.
85. Which of the following is a function of the endocardium?
a.
Protection of valves and heart chambers
b.
Protection from infection
c. The contraction in the heart
d.
Lubrication
Correct answer: a, Endocardium provides protection to the
valves and heart chambers.
86. Which layer functions in the autorhythmicity of the heart?
a.
Pericardium b.
Epicardium
c.
Endocardium d.
Myocardium
Correct answer: c, Myocardium is made up of cardiac cells,
which function in autorhythmicity. Some cardiac muscle cells are
self-excitable, allowing for rhythmic waves of contraction to adjacent cells
throughout the heart.
87. Which of the following organelles is/are expected to be
present more in cardiac cells?
a.
Nuclei b.
Mitochondria
c.
Endoplasmic reticulum d.
Golgi bodies
Correct Answer: b, Cardiac cells are constantly undergoing
contractions and require more energy to perform their functions. Thus, cardiac
cells have more mitochondria. In fact, mitochondria occupy 25% of cell space.
88. Which of the following statements is not true?
a.
Heart cells are only aerobic in nature
b. The heart can beat rhythmically with nervous input
c.
Cardiac cells are cylindrical in shape
d.
All heart cells are connected to one another
Correct answer: c, Cardiac cells are spindle-shaped.
89. At which thoracic level is mediastinum located?
a.
T1 to T3 b.
T3 to T5
c.
T5 to T8 d.
T8 to T12
Correct answer: c, Mediastinum is located at the level of
thoracic vertebrae T5 to T8.
90. Which of the following ions is not required for the
contraction of heart muscles?
a.
Na+ b.
K+
c.
Ca2+ d. Cl-
Correct answer: Cl- ions
are not required for the contraction of the heart muscles.
91. Destruction of cancerous cells is a function of
a.
Lymphocytes b.
Monocytes
c.
Eosinophils d.
Neutrophils
Correct answer: Monocytes are a type of white blood cells that fight certain infections
and help other white blood cells remove dead or damaged tissues, destroy cancer
cells, and regulate immunity against foreign substances.
92. The
coat(s) of the artery which prevents it from collapsing is/are
a.
Tunica interna b.
Tunica Externa
c.
Both tunica interna and tunica externa d.
Tunica media
Correct Answer: d, Tunica media is a middle thick coat of circularly disposed of smooth or
un-striped muscle fibers and elastic fibers. The thick coat prevents arteries
from collapsing.
93. Which of the following functions is not performed by
plasma?
a.
Act as a protein reserve b.
Osmotic effect
c.
Immunity d.
Binds oxygen
Correct Answer: d, Plasma does not bind oxygen. Hemoglobin in
blood binds oxygen and carries it to different body parts.
94. In which vertebrate are red blood cells absent?
a.
Icefish b.
Llamas
c.
White mouse d.
Batrachoseps
Correct answer: a, Red blood cells are absent in the Antarctic
icefish. They live in high oxygen-rich cold water and transport oxygen freely
dissolved in their blood.
95. The inner layer of red blood cells contains all of the
following phospholipids, except
a.
Phosphatidylethanolamine b.
Phosphatidylcholine
c.
Phosphoinositol d.
Phosphatidylserine
Correct Answer: b, Phosphatidylcholine is present in the outer
layer. Phosphatidylcholine plays a prominent role in membrane-mediated cell
signaling and also in phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PCTP) activation of
other enzymes.
96. Which of the following leukocytes can either have bi- or
tri-lobed nucleus?
a.
Neutrophil b.
Eosinophil
c.
Basophil d.
Monocytes
Correct answer: c, Basophils have either bi- or tri-lobed
nuclei. Mostly, the nucleus is two-lobed.
97. The substances required for the proper functioning of the
coagulation cascade are:
a. Phospholipids b. Calcium c. Vitamin K d. Iron
Choose the correct option.
a.
b,c, and d b.
a,b, and d
c.
a,b, and c d.
Only b and c
Correct answer: c, Phospholipids, calcium, and vitamin K are
required for blood clotting. Calcium and phospholipids are required for the
tenase and prothrombinase complexes to function. Calcium is also required at
other points in the coagulation cascade. Vitamin K serves as an essential
cofactor for a carboxylase that catalyzes the carboxylation of glutamic acid
residues on vitamin K-dependent proteins. Without vitamin K, the
carboxylation does not occur and the proteins (clotting factors like factors II
(prothrombin), VII, IX, and X) that are synthesized are biologically inactive.
98. Which of the following are absent in the universal donor?
a.
Either anti-A or anti-B antibodies b. Antibodies in plasma
c.
Both A and B antigens d.
Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Correct answer: c, A universal donor has neither A nor B antigen on the surface of RBC.
99. Which of the following statements is false regarding the Rh
blood system?
a.
It is more complex genetically than then ABO system
b.
Mother-fetus
Rh blood type incompatibility problems can occur if the mother is Rh- and her
fetus is Rh+
c. Rh-positive people are either homozygous dominant (DD)
or heterozygous (Dd) for this trait.
d. HDN due to Rh incompatibility is usually less severe
than ABO incompatibility
Correct Answer: d, HDN due to ABO incompatibility is usually
less severe than Rh incompatibility. One reason is that fetal RBCs express less
of the ABO blood group antigens compared with adult levels. Besides, in
contrast to the Rh antigens, the ABO blood group antigens are expressed by a
variety of fetal (and adult) tissues, reducing the chances of anti-A and anti-B
binding their target antigens on the fetal RBCs.
100. With respect to the structure of the heart, find out the
incorrect pair from the following:
a. Papillary muscles - Prevent prolapsed
b. Bundle of His
- Electrical conduction
c. Chordae
tendineae - Contraction of AV valves
d. Purkinje
fibers - Generate action potential
Correct answer: The function
of the chordae tendineae is to limit the freedom of movement of the cusps of the
AV valves limiting their capacity to "flap" back into the
corresponding atrium.
101. What happens during tricuspid valve regurgitation?
a.
Blood from the aorta leaks to the
left ventricle.
b. Blood from the
left ventricle leaks to the left atrium
c. Blood from the
right ventricle leaks to the right atrium.
d. Blood from the
pulmonary vein leaks to the right ventricle.
Correct answer: c, During
tricuspid valve regurgitation, as the right ventricle contracts to pump blood
forward to the lungs, some blood leaks backward into the right atrium,
increasing the volume of blood in the atrium. This enlarges the right atrium
which can change the pressure in the nearby chambers and blood vessels.
102. The circulatory system is characterized by the presence of wide-open spaces called sinuses in all of the following, except
a.
Cockroaches b.
Earthworms
c.
Spiders d.
Pila
Correct Answer: b, In earthworms, a closed circulatory system is
present; thus, sinus is absent.
103. An increase in the heartbeat was observed with
acetylcholine. The heart was probably
a.
Myogenic b.
Neurogenic
c.
Branchial d.
Myogenic or branchial
Correct answer: c, Acetylcholine increases the heartbeat of
neurogenic heart. Such hearts are found in annelids and most arthropods.
104. Heart block is a disease of the heart which is caused due
to improper functioning of
a.
Bundle of his b.
Coronary artery
c.
Heart valves d.
Pericardium
Correct answer: a, Heart block is a disease of the heart in which
impulses are interrupted in the conducting system of the heart at any point. It is
caused when the bundle of His does not function properly, due to which the
impulses do not reach the ventricle.
105. During adulthood, the spleen functions as a site for the
synthesis of
a.
Erythrocytes b.
Platelets
c.
Lymphocytes d. Leukocytes
Correct answer: c, during adulthood, the spleen is involved in the
synthesis of lymphocytes.
106. The parenchyma performs the role of the circulatory system in
a. Fasciola b.
Ascaris
c. Sponges d.
Prawns
Correct answer: a, The parenchyma performs the role of the circulatory
system in Fasciola. There is no body cavity in Fasciola and the space between
the body wall and the alimentary canal is occupied by parenchymatous tissue. The
cells of this tissue transport digested food which diffuses from the intestine.
107. The pericardial fluid contains a high concentration of
a. Lactate
dehydrogenase and erythrocytes
b. Lactate
dehydrogenase and lymphocytes
c. Proteins and
erythrocytes
d. Lymphocytes
and platelets
Correct answer: Pericardial fluid is made up of a high
concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein, and lymphocytes.
108. Besides mast cells, the blood cell that secretes a component which
delays blood clotting is
a. Eosinophil b.
Neutrophil
c. Basophil d.
Monocytes
Correct answer: c, Basophils contain anticoagulant heparin (also
present in mast cells), which prevents blood from clotting too quickly.
109. Simple squamous epithelium makes the innermost layer of the
a. Veins b.
Arteries
c. Pericardium d.
Cardiac wall
Correct Answer: d, The innermost layer of the cardiac wall is
endocardium which consists of simple squamous epithelial cells.
110. During the arterial systole,
a. Ventricles are
in relaxed phase b.
Auricles are in a relaxed phase
c. Both auricles
and ventricles are in a relaxed phase
d. Ventricles are
in the contraction phase
Correct answer: a, Ventricles are in relaxed phase during arterial
systole. In arterial systole, simultaneous contraction of the auricles takes
place and as a result, blood passes into the ventricles which are in relaxing
phase.
111. During heartbeat, the lubb sound is created when the
a. tricuspid valve snaps shut b. bicuspid valve
snaps shut
c. aortic valve snaps shut d.
pulmonary valve snaps shut Choose the
correct option
a. c&d b.
a&b
c. a&c d.
b&d
Correct Answer: b, The lubb sound is produced when both tricuspid and
bicuspid valves snap shut. It happens after the contraction of auricles forcing the
blood into ventricles.
112. Lacteals are the lymph vessels which function in
a. transportation of white
blood cells from the lymph nodes into the bones
b. transportation of proteins from
the digestive system
c. transportation of fatty acids and
fats as chyle from the digestive system
d. removal of interstitial fluid
from tissues
Correct
answer: c, Lacteals
absorb and transport fatty acids and fats as chyle from the digestive system.
113. The factor contributing to bicarbonates in the plasma is
a. Uric acid b.
CO2
c. Carbohydrates d.
Carbonic acid
Correct Answer: b, Bicarbonates in the blood is due to the presence of
CO2. CO2 is
converted into bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrase enzyme.
114. If arteries become hardened and narrowed because of an excessive
accumulation of calcium plaque, the condition is called
a.
Arteriosclerosis b.
Atherosclerosis
c. Coronary
thrombosis d.
Angina pectoris
Correct Answer: b, Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries
become hardened and narrowed because of an excessive accumulation of calcium
plaque around the artery wall.
115. Pulse rate is the measurement of the beating of the heart using
a. Capillaries b.
Veins
c. Arteries d.
either arteries or veins
Correct answer: c, Beating of the heart is felt in arteries as regular
jerks called a pulse. The pulse rate is therefore the same as that of heart rate.
116. How many chambered heart is present in the crocodile which
exhibits double circulation?
a. Four b.Three
c. Two d.
Five
Correct answer: a, Crocodile has a four-chambered heart and two
ventricles, an unusual trait among extant reptiles.
117. Pus, which is found near the regions of bacterial infections,
consists of
a. Proteins and
dead platelets b. Proteins and dead leukocytes
c. Proteins, dead
leukocytes & bacteria d.
Serum & dead platelets
Correct answer: c, Pus is a whitish-yellow or yellow substance
composed primarily of proteins, dead leukocytes, and dead pyogenic bacteria;
normally found in regions of bacterial infection.
118. The blood of a universal recipient is characterized by
a. presence of antigens A and B on
RBC b. presence of antibodies A
and B in plasma
c. absence of any antigens on RBC d. low level of antibodies in plasma
Correct
answer: a,
Blood of a the universal recipient is characterized by the presence of antigens A and B on RBC.
119. Artery/arteries which , supply blood to the diaphragm
is/are
a. Coeliac artery b.
Phrenic arteries
c. Inter-costal
arteries d.
Innominate artery
Correct Answer: b, A pair of phrenic arteries arise from the aorta and
supplies the diaphragm.
120. Which of the following sentences is true?
a. Purkinje fibers are nerve fibers
b. Bundle of His consists of
collagen fibers.
c. Purkinje fibers originate from AV
node.
d. Bundle of His receives the
wave of contraction from AV node
Correct
answer: d, Bundle of His picks up the wave of contraction from
AV node and later takes it to ventricles.
121. In the heart, Bachmann's bundle is a structure located in the
a. Right auricle b.
Right ventricle
c. Left auricle d.
Left ventricle
Correct answer: c, Bachmann's bundle is a branch of the anterior
inter-nodal tract that resides on the inner wall of the left atrium. It is part
of the atrial conduction system of the heart.
122. Besides thromboxane A2, which of the following factors are
released as a result of platelet activation?
a. Prostacyclin
& ATP b.
Prostacyclin and thrombin
c. ATP and
thrombin d.
ADP and thrombin
Correct Answer: d, besides thromboxane A2, platelets also release
thrombin and ADP at the site of injury.
123. In an ECG, the relaxation of the ventricles is represented by
which of the following?
a. ORS-complex b.
P-wave
c. T-wave d.
R-peak
Correct answer: c, T-wave in the ECG
represents the relaxation of ventricles.
124. Select the layers of the heart from the given list that produces
serous fluid.
a. Parietal pericardium b. Fibrous pericardium c. Epicardium d. Endocardium
a. a&b b.
a&c
c. c&d d.
a&d
Correct Answer: b, Both the parietal pericardium and epicardium
(visceral pericardium) produces serous fluid and forms the inner and the outer
membrane of the pericardial cavity.
125. Which of the following conditions manifests in a branchial heart?
a. Both chambers
contain deoxygenated blood
b. Both chambers
contain oxygenated blood
c. One chamber
contains oxygenated blood whereas the other chamber contains deoxygenated blood
d. The heartbeat
is initiated by a nerve ganglion
Correct answer: a, in a Branchial heart, both chambers contain
deoxygenated blood and pump it to gills for oxygenation. The blood, after
oxygenation in gills, is transported to various parts of the body.
126. Which of the following clotting factors is/are missing in the
patients of hemophilia?
a. Factor VIII or
IX b.
Factor XIII
c. Factor V d.
Factor XII
Correct answer: a, in hemophilia A, the patient has lower levels of
clotting factor VIII. In hemophilia B, the patient has lower levels of clotting
factor IX. Factor VIII plays an important role in blood coagulation. It also
acts as a cofactor of factor IX.
127. A person with A- blood
group can receive blood from
a. A- or O+ b. A+ or O+
c. A- or O- d. A- or O-
Correct answer: c, A person with A- blood group could either receive
blood from A- or O-.
O- Is a universal
donor.
128. A haemal system is a system
of fluid-filled canals found in which of the following?
a. Mollusks b.
Echinoderms
c. Platyhelminthes d.
Roundworms.
Correct Answer: b, Echinoderms have a system
of fluid-filled canals throughout their bodies that perform many of the
functions that our circulatory system does. These canals referred to as the haemal system is how they get the bad gases out of their bodies and the good
gases in and transport blood and body fluids around the body cavity.
129. If there is no lymphatic
return, then
a. blood volume would keep on reducing b. tissue fluid would increase
c. antibody concentration of blood would increase d. concentration of urine
would increase
a. a &b b.
a&c
c. a & d d.
b & c
Correct answer: a, If there is no lymphatic return, blood volume would continue to
reduce and tissue fluid would increase because of leakage at the capillary level.
130. The nuclei in Monocytes
are
a. Circular b.
Bilobed
c. Horse-shoe shaped d.
Polymorphic
Correct Answer: b, Monocytes has horse-shoe
shaped nuclei. These are the least dense of leukocyte nuclei, staining a
lighter, frothy blue.
131. Blood flows at low
pressure in the circulatory systems of
a. Spider & earthworm b.
Cockroach & earthworm
c. Unio and cockroach
d. Starfish & earthworm
Correct answer: In Unio and cockroach, an open circulatory system
is found, in which blood flows at low pressure.
132. Veins do not have
a. Valves b.
Smooth muscle
c. Thick and highly elastic walls d. Low-pressure blood
flow
Correct answer: c, Veins has thin walls and
wide lumen. The walls of the arteries are highly elastic. Blood in the arteries
flows with great pressure and to avoid bursting, arteries have thick elastic
walls.
133. The electric signals for
the contraction of the heart originate in
a. Left ventricle b.
Left auricle
c. Right auricle d.
Right ventricle
Correct answer: c, The electric signals for
the contraction of the heart originate from the sinuauricular node (S.A. node), which
is present in the right auricle. S.A. node is called the pacemaker of the
heart.
134. The right atrium of the heart may
enlarge due to the failure of
a. Mitral valve b.
Tricuspid valve
c. Aortic valve d.
Pulmonary valve
Correct Answer: b, Failure of the tricuspid valve
(tricuspid regurgitation) may lead to enlargement of the right atrium. As the right
ventricle contracts to pump blood forward to the lungs, some blood leaks
backward into the right atrium, increasing the volume of blood in the atrium.
As a result, the right atrium can enlarge.
135. Constricted pupil,
drooping eyelid and no sweating on one side of the face are the symptoms of
Horner's syndrome. It is associated with the blockage of
a. Superior vena cava b.
Inferior vena cava
c. Aorta d.
Pulmonary vein
Correct answer: a, Horner's syndrome i.e.
constricted pupil, drooping eyelid, and no sweating on one side of the face is
associated with blockage of superior vena cava. The superior vena cava returns
blood from the upper body to the heart, thus its blockage can lead to Horner's
syndrome.
136.
a. It is more complex genetically
than the ABO system.
Explanation: True.
The Rh system apparently is much more complex genetically since it involves 45
different antigens on the surface of red cells that are controlled by 2 closely
linked genes on chromosome 1. In most
cases, the ABO system is controlled by only 2 antigens.
b. Mother-fetus
Rh blood type incompatibility problems can occur if the mother is Rh- and her
fetus is Rh+
Explanation: True.
For the fetus to be Rh-positive, the father must also be Rh-positive. As a result, when the mother
is Rh-negative and the father is Rh-positive (or his Rh type is unknown),
doctors usually assume that there will be a serious medical problem.
c . Rh-positive people are either
homozygous dominant (DD) or heterozygous (Dd) for this trait.
Explanation: True.
The Rh blood factor is a dominant trait.
Therefore, both DD and Dd people have the Rh antigen on the surface of
their red cells which make them Rh-positive.
d. Mother-fetus
incompatibility problems result from the fetus' antibodies agglutinating its
mother's red blood cells
Explanation: False.
Since the fetus is Rh-positive, it has Rh antigens but no Rh antibodies. In any case, the Rh-negative mother does not
have red cells with Rh antigens that could be agglutinated.
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